Chandrayan Mission of India Part - II

 

Chandrayan Mission of India

Chandrayan I Mission

                  It was India’s first mission on moon, launched on 22nd October 2008 by ISRO from SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Centre – a Spaceport of India), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Features of Mission-

·       It was the first lunar mission of India, launched by PSLV-C11 (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)

·       It was almost successful mission and India became 5th country to reach moon surface after Soviet Union (1959), US (1962), Japan (1993), European Space Agency (2006).

·       This mission designed for 2 years but its life was only 10 months. Within this short period, it was able to fulfil its objectives.

·       It was mainly orbiter mission means to orbit the moon but a probe was separated from orbiter and was hit the moon surface near crater Shackleton. This impacted location on moon surface is named as “Jawahar Point”.



 

Key findings of Mission-

·       Among its major findings, most important was presence of water molecules in lunar soil.

·       It detected some elements on moon surface like Ti (Titanium), Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), Al (Aluminium) and Fe (Iron).

·       It detected presence of hematite (iron oxide) or rust at lunar poles.

·       Evidences of lunar caves was found which is formed by ancient lunar lava flow.

·       Fault and fractures were found due to past tectonic activities or meteorite impact.  



 

Chandrayan II Mission  

               It was India’s second mission on moon, launched on 22nd July 2019 by ISRO from SDSC (Satish Dhawan Space Centre – a Spaceport of India), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

          It was first attempt of India to land over extra-terrestrial surface in outer space.

Features of the mission

·       This mission was designed for soft landing on lunar surface and contain          Orbiter, Lander (Vikram) and Rover (Pragyan).

·       It was also called India’s first lander mission on moon surface as Chandrayan I mission was not designed for landing.

·       It was launched by India’s most powerful launch vehicle GSLV Mk III (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle)

·       Mission life was 7 years for Orbiter and 14 days for Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.

Objectives of the mission

Objectives of this mission was to study different parameters like -

·       Composition of lunar surface and lunar atmosphere

·       Abundance of water molecules on lunar surface

·       Presence of various elements in lunar soil

·       Topography and seismography of lunar surface

·       Targeted unexplored south polar region of moon

Findings of the mission

·       This mission was not successful as ISRO lost its connection with Vikram lander and it was crashed by some software glitch.

·       But Orbiter has continued this mission.

·       Detected presence of Ar-40 (Argon 40) in lunar exosphere.

           Although it was not successful, but India is first country that has attempted to land on unexplored South Polar Region of moon and gave chance for launching another mission on moon with more advanced technology in name of Chandrayan III.


 

Chandrayan III Mission

      Recently India has launched its 3rd lunar mission and 2nd attempt to make soft landing on lunar unexplored surface after failure of Chandrayan II.

·       It is launched on 4th July 2023 from SDSC, sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

                          and on 5th August 2023, it is successfully inserted into lunar orbit.

·       It is launched by LVM3, presently India’s most powerful launch vehicle

·       It consist same lander (Vikram) and rover (Pragyan) as Chandrayan II.

·       Its landing is scheduled for 23rd August,2023 at lunar surface.

·       Mission life of lander and rover is 1 lunar day (means 14 earth days)

            

 


 

Objectives of the mission

·       To study lunar surface and environment.

·       To study lunar quakes and landing sites near south pole region of moon.

·       To study those findings which were not found by Chandrayan II.

                             

                 This mission is very significant for India as its success will rank India among 4 countries in the world – US, Russia and China for successful landing on lunar surface and will open door for India to launch new and advance space missions.


                                                                                                              - By Pooja Gupta 

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